Optimal pricing and inventory control policy in periodic‐review systems with fixed ordering cost and lost sales

This paper studies a periodic‐review pricing and inventory control problem for a retailer, which faces stochastic price‐sensitive demand, under quite general modeling assumptions. Any unsatisfied demand is lost, and any leftover inventory at the end of the finite selling horizon has a salvage value. The cost component for the retailer includes holding, shortage, and both variable and fixed ordering costs. The retailer's objective is to maximize its discounted expected profit over the selling horizon by dynamically deciding on the optimal pricing and replenishment policy for each period. We show that, under a mild assumption on the additive demand function, at the beginning of each period an (s,S) policy is optimal for replenishment, and the value of the optimal price depends on the inventory level after the replenishment decision has been done. Our numerical study also suggests that for a sufficiently long selling horizon, the optimal policy is almost stationary. Furthermore, the fixed ordering cost (K) plays a significant role in our modeling framework. Specifically, any increase in K results in lower s and higher S. On the other hand, the profit impact of dynamically changing the retail price, contrasted with a single fixed price throughout the selling horizon, also increases with K. We demonstrate that using the optimal policy values from a model with backordering of unmet demands as approximations in our model might result in significant profit penalty. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

Tilting at windmills: The flawed U.S. policy toward the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war

ABSTRACT

This article examines decision-making mistakes made by U.S. President Nixon and national security advisor Kissinger during the 1971 India-Pakistan crisis and war. It shows that Nixon and Kissinger routinely demonstrated psychological biases that led them to overestimate the likelihood of West Pakistani victory against Bengali rebels as well as the importance of the crisis to broader U.S. policy. The evidence fails to support Nixon and Kissinger’s own framing of the 1971 crisis as a contest between cool-headed realpolitik and idealistic humanitarianism, and instead shows that Kissinger and Nixon’s policy decisions harmed their stated goals because of repeated decision-making errors.     

广义S变换和阈值分割联合抗频谱扩展-压缩移频干扰

根据频谱扩展-压缩(spectrum spread and compression, SSC)移频干扰信号和回波信号时频分布特性的差异,提出一种基于广义S变换和Tsallis交叉熵阈值分割的干扰抑制方法。分析了SSC移频干扰的干扰原理和干扰信号经过解线调后的信号形式,并利用时频聚焦性较好的广义S变换获取接收信号经过解线调后的时频图像,根据时频图像对应的灰度图像,以Tsallis交叉熵最小化作为目标函数,求出灰度图像的最佳分割阈值,并根据分割阈值构建时频滤波器,实现干扰抑制。仿真结果表明:该方法对于SSC移频干扰产生的假目标具有较好的抑制效果,干扰抑制比可达30 dB以上。     

(G2-continuous) SHAPE PRESERVING CUBIC INTERPOLATION SPLINE CURVE

（Ｇ~２－ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓ）ＳＨＡＰＥＰＲＥＳＥＲＶＩＮＧＣＵＢＩＣＩＮＴＥＲＰＯＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＰＬＩＮＥ　ＣＵＲＶＥＦａｎｇＫｕｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＳｙｓｔｅｍＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇａｎｄＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ,ＮＵＤＴ,Ｃｈａｎｇｓｈ?..     

S-N曲线拟合的灰色方法

本文借助于灰色系统理论中GM(1,1)的直接建模方法,能方便地确定了三参数经验公式N(S-S_0)~m=D中的三个参数S_0,m和D,从而为工程上广泛利用三参数经验公式拟合S-N曲线试验数据提供了一个较新的方法。算例表明,本方法简单、实用、精度较高。     

机器人PTP控制曲线研究

本文根据点位控制机器人运动特点和其加速——匀速——减速三段控制方式,以及实时计算量的大小和所定义的点位控制机器人控制曲线参数——最大加速度系数、最大跃动系数,对点位控制机器人用控制曲线进行了系统、深入的分析,给出了一种变形sin加速度控制曲线,并在点位控制机器人上对其性能进行了验证。     

某型平显可靠性增长目标可行性论证研究

旨在通过对某型平显可靠性增长目标可行性论证实践,提出以增长曲线趋势来评估研制和小批生产之中产品各阶段可能达到的可靠性水平的预测方法     

拓扑度理论之近期发展

这是一篇综述文章,介绍了拓扑度理论近十年来的主要成果。     

稀土配合物热致变色性能研究(VI)—稀土铬天青 S 配合物的热致变色性能

本文研究了BE(Ⅱ)-CAS 水溶液体系热致变色性能;探讨了酸度、温度等条件对体系热致变色性能的影响。实验结果表明该体系在特定条件下具有较明显的热致变色现象,且仅由配合物所产生,其特征是:体系受热时颜色由深色(玫瑰红)变为浅色(黄色);与RE(Ⅲ)-XO,RE(Ⅲ)-SXO 体系的色变趋向相反,达种差异性与螯合物分子的结构特征有关。     

极大单调算子零点的逼近问题

设H为实Hilbert空间,C为H的非空闭凸子集,T:C→2H为极大单调算子,假设S(T)={x∈H:0∈Tx}≠Φ。 xk∈H,βk>0,求 xk及ek满足( )　　xk+ek∈ xk+βkT( xk),‖ek‖≤ηk‖xk- xk‖, k≥0,其中,ηk≥0,supk>0ηk<1,βk≥β>0。设PC:H→C为H到C上的最近点投影算子,定义xk+1=PC( xk-ek),k≥0,证明了若T满足(S)型条件,则{xk}k≥0强收敛于T的某个零点。